Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction (Micro-TESE) is a specialized surgical procedure used to retrieve sperm directly from the testes in men with azoospermia, a condition where no sperm is present in the ejaculate. This technique is often used in severe male infertility cases where natural conception is not possible, even through other assisted reproductive techniques.
The procedure offers hope to men facing infertility issues by providing a viable solution for sperm extraction and potential fertilization through IVF clinics in Lahore or other fertility centers.
When Micro-TESE is Needed
Micro-TESE is primarily recommended for men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), where the testes fail to produce sperm due to various reasons, such as genetic disorders, hormonal imbalances, or damage to the testicular tissue. It is also an option for men who have had unsuccessful sperm retrieval attempts through less invasive procedures like TESE (testicular sperm extraction) or TESA (testicular sperm aspiration). In such cases, Micro-TESE becomes the most advanced and effective method to recover sperm.
How Micro-TESE Works
The Micro-TESE procedure involves the use of a high-powered surgical microscope to precisely identify areas within the testicular tissue that contain sperm. The surgeon makes a small incision in the scrotum and carefully examines the tissue, removing only small amounts of tissue from specific areas, minimizing damage to the testes. This highly targeted approach increases the chances of finding viable sperm while reducing the amount of tissue that needs to be extracted, compared to traditional methods.
Once sperm is retrieved, it can be used for IVF treatment or ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection), where the sperm is injected directly into the egg to aid fertilization. The sperm retrieved through Micro-TESE may also be frozen for future use if desired.
Success Rates of Micro-TESE
The success rate of Micro-TESE varies depending on several factors, including the underlying cause of azoospermia, the patient’s age, and overall testicular health. On average, Micro-TESE has a sperm retrieval success rate ranging from 40% to 60%. However, in cases where the cause of azoospermia is genetic, such as Klinefelter syndrome or Y chromosome microdeletion, success rates might be lower.
It’s important to note that the success rate of Micro-TESE refers to the ability to retrieve sperm, not necessarily achieving a pregnancy. Once viable sperm is retrieved, the success of IVF or ICSI treatment depends on several other factors, including the female partner’s fertility, egg quality, and other variables. For men who undergo the procedure at IVF clinics in Lahore or other specialized fertility centers, success rates can often be higher due to advanced medical facilities and experienced specialists.
Factors Affecting Success
Several factors can influence the outcome of Micro-TESE, including:
- Age of the Male Partner: As men age, sperm quality and production decline, which can affect the success of sperm retrieval during the procedure.
- Testicular Size: Studies show that smaller testicular size often correlates with lower sperm production, which can impact the chances of success.
- Hormonal Levels: Hormones play a crucial role in sperm production. Low levels of testosterone or high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) can negatively affect sperm retrieval outcomes.
- Genetic Factors: Genetic abnormalities, such as Y chromosome microdeletions, can reduce the likelihood of retrieving sperm during Micro-TESE.
- Previous Surgeries or Treatments: Men who have undergone previous unsuccessful attempts at sperm retrieval or testicular surgeries may face reduced success rates due to scar tissue or damage to the testes.
While these factors may impact the success of the procedure, Micro-TESE remains one of the most effective options for men with non-obstructive azoospermia, particularly when other methods have failed.
Risks and Considerations
Like any surgical procedure, Micro-TESE carries certain risks. Some potential complications include infection, bleeding, or scarring at the site of the incision. Additionally, there is a risk of damage to the testes, which could potentially affect future sperm production. However, with the expertise of experienced surgeons, these risks are generally low.
Before undergoing Micro-TESE, it is crucial for men to undergo a thorough evaluation by an infertility specialist to determine whether they are suitable candidates for the procedure. A detailed assessment of the male’s hormonal profile, genetic factors, and overall health is necessary to improve the chances of success and reduce risks.
Conclusion
Micro-TESE provides a viable option for men with non-obstructive azoospermia who wish to become fathers. With sperm retrieval rates ranging from 40% to 60%, the procedure offers hope even in cases where other methods have failed. While success rates vary depending on individual factors, advances in fertility treatments such as IVF and ICSI continue to improve the chances of achieving pregnancy after Micro-TESE.
While the procedure carries some risks, it remains one of the most effective sperm retrieval methods available. Success rates vary depending on factors such as age, testicular health, and underlying conditions, but they offer hope to many couples struggling with male infertility. With the help of experienced infertility specialists and advanced reproductive techniques like IVF and ICSI, many men can still achieve their dream of fatherhood.
