A breast cancer diagnosis often brings with it several questions and concerns. One of the most significant decisions many patients face is whether a mastectomy is the right option. This surgical procedure involves the removal of one or both breasts, either partially or completely, depending on the stage and nature of the cancer. While the choice can be overwhelming, understanding what mastectomy entails can help patients make informed decisions alongside their healthcare team.
Patients seeking breast cancer surgery in Delhi are often presented with multiple options, including mastectomy, depending on their specific condition. The city has become a hub for advanced surgical techniques, providing both treatment and post-operative care with high standards. A mastectomy may be considered either as a primary treatment or following chemotherapy or radiation, depending on the tumour’s response and progression.
What Is a Mastectomy?
A mastectomy is a surgical treatment used to remove breast tissue to prevent or treat breast cancer. It may be recommended for various reasons, including the size of the tumour, the location, whether the cancer has spread, and the patient’s overall health and preferences. The procedure may also be advised if a patient has a high genetic risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.
There are several types of mastectomy:
- Total (Simple) Mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast.
- Modified Radical Mastectomy: Removal of the breast along with lymph nodes under the arm.
- Radical Mastectomy: Removal of the breast, lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles (now rarely performed).
- Skin-sparing or Nipple-sparing Mastectomy: Preserves skin or nipple area for better cosmetic reconstruction outcomes.
In recent years, breast cancer surgery in Delhi has advanced significantly, offering patients a wider range of surgical and reconstructive options depending on the diagnosis and personal circumstances.
When Is a Mastectomy Recommended?
Doctors may suggest a mastectomy if:
- The tumour is large relative to the breast size.
- There are multiple tumours in different areas of the breast.
- Radiation therapy is not an option.
- Cancer has returned after prior breast-conserving treatment.
- Genetic testing shows a high lifetime risk of breast cancer.
It’s essential to discuss the benefits and limitations of this surgery in detail with your oncologist and surgical team. A multidisciplinary approach is often used to create a comprehensive treatment plan.
Preparation Before Surgery
Before undergoing a mastectomy, patients usually go through a series of evaluations:
- Imaging tests such as mammograms, ultrasounds, or MRIs.
- Biopsies to understand tumour biology.
- General health checks to assess fitness for surgery.
- Psychological counselling, which may be recommended for emotional readiness.
Doctors will also explain anaesthesia options, potential complications, and the post-surgery recovery timeline. A treatment coordinator or nurse navigator can help guide patients through this stage.
What to Expect During Recovery
Post-surgery recovery varies between individuals. Typically, hospital stays last a few days unless there are complications. Drains may be placed to remove excess fluid, and pain or discomfort is managed with medication.
Patients should avoid strenuous activities during the initial weeks but are encouraged to perform light arm exercises as advised by the doctor to prevent stiffness. Most people return to their regular routines within four to six weeks, although emotional recovery may take longer.
Emotional Impact and Coping Mechanisms
Mastectomy can be emotionally challenging, affecting a person’s sense of body image, femininity, and mental health. Support is available in several forms:
- Counselling services through the hospital or external providers.
- Support groups for breast cancer patients.
- Family and peer support, which plays a crucial role in healing.
Healthcare providers often recommend mental health interventions as part of the recovery process to address anxiety, depression, or grief related to the loss of a breast.
Reconstructive Options
Many patients consider breast reconstruction, either at the time of the mastectomy or later. Options include:
- Implant-based reconstruction using silicone or saline implants.
- Autologous tissue reconstruction, which uses tissue from other parts of the body.
These procedures are typically performed by plastic surgeons in collaboration with the oncology team. In metropolitan centres offering breast cancer surgery, patients have access to advanced reconstructive services and are given the opportunity to weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.
Risk Factors and Follow-Up
While mastectomy significantly reduces the risk of cancer recurrence in the affected breast, follow-up care remains critical. This usually involves:
- Regular physical exams.
- Imaging of the other breast (if not removed).
- Blood tests and scans, depending on the case.
- Continued hormone therapy or chemotherapy if prescribed.
Doctors also monitor the surgical site for signs of infection, fluid buildup, or complications related to reconstruction. Long-term follow-up ensures any potential recurrence is caught early and managed promptly.
Conclusion
Deciding to undergo a mastectomy is not simple. It involves medical, emotional, and personal considerations. Understanding the procedure, its purpose, and what recovery involves helps patients feel more prepared. With open communication, strong support systems, and reliable guidance from hospitals like BLK Max Super Speciality Hospital, individuals can go through this journey with greater confidence and clarity.
